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For approximately 16 h during daytime, the circadian alerting signal counters the increasing homeostatic sleep drive. This has the overall effect of promoting wakefulness. The CBT rises thereby accentuating the circadian alerting signal. At dawn, melatonin levels drop and become undetectable. A concurrent decrease in CBT results in reduced levels of alertness, which in turn creates a strong propensity for sleep (at night). This physiological response is known as dim light melatonin onset. The human circadian rhythm is intimately intertwined with the sleep-wake cycle and is affected by melatonin secretion and changes in the core body temperature (CBT).ĭuring a normal circadian phase, dim light causes melatonin to increase approximately 2 h before habitual sleep onset. Internal signals for wakefulness and sleep are thrown in disarray due to mismatch with the local light–dark cycle. It occurs because of disruption of the circadian rhythm due to rapid transition across time zones, resulting in asynchrony between the local time and the human circadian clock (which is normally regulated by the solar light–dark cycle). Most people who have experienced an overseas flight have experienced jet lag and its deleterious effect on sleep. Despite its limited duration, jet lag can produce deleterious health effects in high functioning individuals. Jet lag, often deemed as a trivial inconvenience, is actually a recognized sleep disorder.
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